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line of humus

  • 1 гумусовый горизонт

    1) Geology: humus horizon
    4) Makarov: vegetable soil
    5) General subject: line of humus, top soil

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > гумусовый горизонт

  • 2 Schicht

    f; -, -en
    1. layer; GEOL. stratum (Pl. strata); BERGB. seam; Farbe: coat (-ing), layer; Öl: film; FOT. emulsion; eine dicke Schicht Staub a thick layer of dust; eine dünne Schicht Humus a thin layer of humus
    2. fig., SOZIOL. class, Pl. auch social strata; breite Schichten der Bevölkerung: large sections; die gebildete Schicht the educated class; die herrschenden / untersten Schichten the ruling / lower classes; aus allen Schichten from all levels of society
    3. Arbeitszeit: shift; Schicht haben, auf Schicht sein be on shift; in der zweiten Schicht on the second shift; Schicht arbeiten work shifts, do shift work; Schicht machen umg. call it a day, knock off (work)
    * * *
    die Schicht
    (Arbeit) shift work; shift;
    (Farbe) coat; coating;
    (Gesellschaft) rank; class;
    (Lage) seam; stratum; layer; flake;
    (Ölfilm) film
    * * *
    Schịcht [ʃɪçt]
    f -, -en
    1) (= Lage) layer; (= dünne Schicht) film; (GEOL, SCI) layer, stratum; (= Farbschicht) coat; (der Gesellschaft) level, stratum
    2) (= Arbeitsabschnitt, -gruppe etc) shift
    * * *
    die
    1) (layer: a bed of chalk below the surface.) bed
    2) (a covering (eg of paint): This wall will need two coats of paint.) coat
    3) ((the system according to which people belong to) one of a number of economic/social groups: the upper class; the middle class; the working class; ( also adjective) the class system.) class
    4) (a layer (of coal, iron etc) occurring naturally in rock: rich deposits of iron ore.) deposit
    5) (a group of people who begin work on a job when another group stop work: The night shift does the heavy work.) shift
    6) (the period during which such a group works: an eight-hour shift; ( also adjective) shift work.) shift
    7) (a thin line or layer of coal etc in the earth: a coal seam.) seam
    * * *
    Schicht1
    <-, -en>
    [ʃɪçt]
    f
    eine \Schicht Farbe/Lack a coat of paint/varnish; (eine dünne Lage) film
    3. ARCHÄOL, GEOL stratum, layer
    4. (Gesellschaftsschicht) class, stratum
    die herrschende \Schicht the ruling classes
    alle \Schichten der Bevölkerung all levels of society
    Schicht2
    <-, -en>
    [ʃɪçt]
    f shift
    \Schicht arbeiten to do shift work
    die \Schicht wechseln to change shifts
    * * *
    die; Schicht, Schichten
    1) layer; (Geol.) stratum; (von Farbe) coat; (sehr dünn) film

    breite Schichten [der Bevölkerung] — broad sections of the population

    3) (Abschnitt eines Arbeitstages, Arbeitsgruppe) shift

    Schicht arbeiten — work shifts; be on shift work

    * * *
    Schicht f; -, -en
    1. layer; GEOL stratum (pl strata); BERGB seam; Farbe: coat(-ing), layer; Öl: film; FOTO emulsion;
    eine dicke Schicht Staub a thick layer of dust;
    eine dünne Schicht Humus a thin layer of humus
    2. fig, SOZIOL class, pl auch social strata;
    die gebildete Schicht the educated class;
    die herrschenden/untersten Schichten the ruling/lower classes;
    aus allen Schichten from all levels of society
    3. Arbeitszeit: shift;
    Schicht haben, auf Schicht sein be on shift;
    in der zweiten Schicht on the second shift;
    Schicht arbeiten work shifts, do shift work;
    Schicht machen umg call it a day, knock off (work)
    * * *
    die; Schicht, Schichten
    1) layer; (Geol.) stratum; (von Farbe) coat; (sehr dünn) film

    breite Schichten [der Bevölkerung] — broad sections of the population

    3) (Abschnitt eines Arbeitstages, Arbeitsgruppe) shift

    Schicht arbeiten — work shifts; be on shift work

    * * *
    -en f.
    coat n.
    film n.
    layer n.
    ply n.
    seam n.
    shift (work) n.
    strata n.
    stratum n.
    (§ pl.: strata)

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Schicht

  • 3 schicht

    f; -, -en
    1. layer; GEOL. stratum (Pl. strata); BERGB. seam; Farbe: coat (-ing), layer; Öl: film; FOT. emulsion; eine dicke Schicht Staub a thick layer of dust; eine dünne Schicht Humus a thin layer of humus
    2. fig., SOZIOL. class, Pl. auch social strata; breite Schichten der Bevölkerung: large sections; die gebildete Schicht the educated class; die herrschenden / untersten Schichten the ruling / lower classes; aus allen Schichten from all levels of society
    3. Arbeitszeit: shift; Schicht haben, auf Schicht sein be on shift; in der zweiten Schicht on the second shift; Schicht arbeiten work shifts, do shift work; Schicht machen umg. call it a day, knock off (work)
    * * *
    die Schicht
    (Arbeit) shift work; shift;
    (Farbe) coat; coating;
    (Gesellschaft) rank; class;
    (Lage) seam; stratum; layer; flake;
    (Ölfilm) film
    * * *
    Schịcht [ʃɪçt]
    f -, -en
    1) (= Lage) layer; (= dünne Schicht) film; (GEOL, SCI) layer, stratum; (= Farbschicht) coat; (der Gesellschaft) level, stratum
    2) (= Arbeitsabschnitt, -gruppe etc) shift
    * * *
    die
    1) (layer: a bed of chalk below the surface.) bed
    2) (a covering (eg of paint): This wall will need two coats of paint.) coat
    3) ((the system according to which people belong to) one of a number of economic/social groups: the upper class; the middle class; the working class; ( also adjective) the class system.) class
    4) (a layer (of coal, iron etc) occurring naturally in rock: rich deposits of iron ore.) deposit
    5) (a group of people who begin work on a job when another group stop work: The night shift does the heavy work.) shift
    6) (the period during which such a group works: an eight-hour shift; ( also adjective) shift work.) shift
    7) (a thin line or layer of coal etc in the earth: a coal seam.) seam
    * * *
    Schicht1
    <-, -en>
    [ʃɪçt]
    f
    eine \Schicht Farbe/Lack a coat of paint/varnish; (eine dünne Lage) film
    3. ARCHÄOL, GEOL stratum, layer
    4. (Gesellschaftsschicht) class, stratum
    die herrschende \Schicht the ruling classes
    alle \Schichten der Bevölkerung all levels of society
    Schicht2
    <-, -en>
    [ʃɪçt]
    f shift
    \Schicht arbeiten to do shift work
    die \Schicht wechseln to change shifts
    * * *
    die; Schicht, Schichten
    1) layer; (Geol.) stratum; (von Farbe) coat; (sehr dünn) film

    breite Schichten [der Bevölkerung] — broad sections of the population

    3) (Abschnitt eines Arbeitstages, Arbeitsgruppe) shift

    Schicht arbeiten — work shifts; be on shift work

    * * *
    …schicht f im subst
    1. (Lage):
    Bodenschicht layer of soil;
    Lössschicht layer of loess;
    Kulturschicht cultural level
    2. (Masse):
    Dämmschicht, Isolierschicht insulating layer, insulation;
    Quarkschicht quark layer;
    Rostschicht layer of rust
    Arbeiterschicht working class
    * * *
    die; Schicht, Schichten
    1) layer; (Geol.) stratum; (von Farbe) coat; (sehr dünn) film

    breite Schichten [der Bevölkerung] — broad sections of the population

    3) (Abschnitt eines Arbeitstages, Arbeitsgruppe) shift

    Schicht arbeiten — work shifts; be on shift work

    * * *
    -en f.
    coat n.
    film n.
    layer n.
    ply n.
    seam n.
    shift (work) n.
    strata n.
    stratum n.
    (§ pl.: strata)

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schicht

  • 4 sestertius

    sestertĭus, a, um, num. adj. [contr. from semis-tertius], two and a half; only in the phrases sestertius nummus and milia sestertia; v. I. A. and I. B. 1. infra.— Mostly as subst.
    I.
    sestertĭus (written also with the characters HS.; v. B. 4. infra), ii, m. (sc. nummus); also in full: sestertius nummus; gen. plur. sestertiūm; rarely sestertiorum or sestertiūm nummūm, a sesterce, a small silver coin, originally equal to two and a half asses, or one fourth of a denarius. When the as was reduced in weight, during the Punic wars, the denarius was made equal to sixteen asses, and the sestertius continued to be one fourth of the denarius. Its value, up to the time of Augustus, was twopence and half a farthing sterling, or four and one tenth cents; afterwards about one eighth less. The sestertius was the ordinary coin of the Romans, by which the largest sums were reckoned. The sestertium (1000 sestertii) was equal (up to the time of Augustus, afterwards about one eighth less) to
    ► 8 17 s.
    1 d. sterling, or $42.94 in United States coin (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 842; Dict. of Ant. s. v. as, sestertius).
    A.
    In gen.:

    sestertius, quod duobus semis additur (dupondius enim et semis antiquus sestertius est) et veteris consuetudinis, ut retro aere dicerent, ita ut semis tertius, quartus semis pronunciarent, ab semis tertius sestertius dicitur,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: nostri quartam denarii partem, quod efficie [p. 1686] batur ex duobus assibus et tertio semisse, sestertium nominaverunt, Vitr. 3, 1 med.; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30:

    taxatio in libras sestertii singuli et in penuriā bini,

    Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 130.—Freq. joined with nummus:

    mille nongentos quinquaginta sestertios nummos,

    Col. 3, 3, 9.— Gen. plur. sestertiūm: quid verum sit, intellego;

    sed alias ita loquor, ut concessum est, ut hoc vel pro deum dico vel pro deorum, alias, ut necesse est, cum triumvirum non virorum, cum sestertiūm nummūm non nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est,

    Cic. Or. 46, 56:

    sestertiūm sexagena milia nummūm,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 1; cited ap. Plin. 10, 20, 23, § 45.—Rarely, sestertiorum:

    duo milia sestertiorum,

    Col. 3, 3, 13.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    As adj. in neutr. plur., with milia (in Varr. and Col.):

    ut asinus venierit sestertiis milibus LX. (= sexaginta milibus sestertium),

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14:

    grex centenarius facile quadragena milia sestertia ut reddat,

    id. ib. 3, 6, 6:

    hos numquam minus dena milia sestertia ex melle recipere,

    id. ib. 3, 6, 11:

    Hirrius ex aedificiis duodena milia sestertia capiebat,

    id. ib. 3, 17, 3:

    sestertiis octo milibus,

    Col. 3, 3, 8; 3, 3, 9; 3, 3, 10.—
    2.
    To express more than two complete thousands sestertia is used as plurale tantum, with distrib. numerals (rare before the Aug. per.):

    si qui vilicus ex eo fundo, qui sestertia dena meritasset... domino XX. milia nummūm pro X. miserit (= decem milia sestertiūm),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119:

    candidati apud eum HS. quingena deposuerunt (= quindecim milia sestertiūm),

    id. Att. 4, 15, 7:

    capit ille ex suis praediis sexcena sestertia, ego centena ex meis,

    id. Par. 6, 3, 49:

    bis dena super sestertia nummum,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

    Tiberius Hortalo se respondisse ait, daturum liberis ejus ducena sestertia singulis,

    Tac. A. 2, 38:

    princeps capiendis pecuniis posuit modum usque ad dena sestertia,

    id. ib. 11, 7.—Rarely with card. numerals:

    sestertia centum,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    septem donat sestertia,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 80:

    centum sestertia,

    Mart. 6, 20, 1:

    sex sestertia,

    id. 6, 30, 1; cf.:

    ne cui jus esset nisi qui... HS. CCCC. census fuisset,

    Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 32.—
    3.
    Millions of sesterces were expressed in three ways:
    a.
    By the words centena (or centum) milia sestertiūm, preceded by a numeral adverb (rare): miliens centena milia sestertium, a hundred millions, etc., Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84.—
    b.
    With ellips. of the words centena milia, the gen. plur. sestertiūm being preceded by the numeral adv. (rare;

    once in Cic.): HS. (i. e. sestertium) quater decies P. Tadio numerata Athenis... planum faciam (i.e. sestertiūm quater decies centena milia, = 1,400,000 sesterces),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 (where B. and K. after Orell. read. ex conj., sestertium; v. Kühner, Gram. § 229, 5 b.).—
    c.
    With sestertium, declined as subst. neutr., and the numeral adverbs from decies upward (also with ellips. of centena or centum milia; sestertium here = centum milia sestertiūm. The origin of this usage, which became general, has been much disputed, and it is usual to explain it, after Non. p. 495 (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 18), as a grammatical blunder, by which the gen. plur. sestertium has been mistaken for a neutr. sing., Zumpt, Gram. § 873; but it more probably grew out of the adj. use of sestertium with mille, supra; v. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 269; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 116; Kühner, Gram. § 209).
    (α).
    Nom. and acc.:

    quom ei testamento sestertium milies relinquatur,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93:

    nonne sestertium centies et octogies... Romae in quaestu reliquisti?

    id. Pis. 35, 86:

    sestertium sexagies, quod advexerat Domitius,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 23, 4:

    sestertium quadringenties aerario illatum est,

    Tac. A. 13, 31:

    sestertium deciens numeratum esse,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20; 2, 3, 70, § 163:

    quadringenties sestertium, quod debuisti,

    id. Phil. 2, 37, 93; id. Off. 3, 24, 93; Nep. Att. 14, 2:

    sestertium ducenties ex eā praedā redactum esse,

    Liv. 45, 43, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1, 6:

    sestertium milies in culinam congerere,

    Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 10, 3:

    quater milies sestertium suum vidit,

    id. Ben. 2, 27, 1; Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37; Tac. A. 6, 45; 12, 22; 12, 53; 13, 31; id. H. 4, 47; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 5.—Sometimes with ellips. of sestertium:

    dissipatio, per quam Antonius septies miliens avertit,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11.—
    (β).
    Gen.:

    syngrapha sestertii centies per legatos facta,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95:

    argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit,

    Liv. 45, 4, 1:

    sestertii milies servus,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1:

    liberalitas decies sestertii,

    Tac. A. 2, 37; 2, 86:

    centies sestertii largitio,

    id. ib. 12, 58; 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (5), 2.—
    (γ).
    Abl.:

    quadragies sestertio villam venisse,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 3:

    sexagies sestertio, tricies sestertio,

    Val. Max. 9, 1, 4:

    centies sestertio cenavit uno die,

    Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 11:

    pantomimae decies sestertio nubunt,

    id. ib. 12, 5; id. Ben. 4, 36, 1; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196:

    accepto quinquagies sestertio,

    Tac. A. 3, 17; 6, 17; 16, 13; id. H. 4, 42; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 38, 4.—The sign HS., i.e. II. and semis, stands for sestertius, sestertia, and sestertium, in all the uses described above; when it is necessary, to avoid ambiguity, its meanings are distinguished thus: HS. XX. stands for sestertii viginti; HS. X̅X̅., with a line over the numeral, = sestertia vicena, or 20,000 sesterces; H̅S̅. X̅X̅., with lines over both signs, = sestertium vicies, or 2,000,000 sesterces (Kühner, Gram. § 229 Anm. 1). But in recent edd. the numerals are usu. written in full, when the meaning would otherwise be doubtful.—
    C.
    Transf., in gen.
    a.
    Nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo, for a small sum, for a trifle (good prose):

    ecquis est, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit? Tua, Postume, nummo sestertio a me addicuntur,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 45; Val. Max. 5, 2, 10:

    C. Matienus damnatus sestertio nummo veniit,

    Liv. Epit. 55:

    quae maxima inter vos habentur, divitiae, gratia, potentia, sestertio nummo aestiman da sunt,

    Sen. Ep. 95, 59; Val. Max. 8, 2, 3.—
    * b.
    Money, a sum of money:

    sestertio amplo comparare,

    for a large sum, Sol. 27 (40) fin. —
    D.
    In the times of the emperors, also, a copper coin, worth four asses, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4; cf. Eckhel. Doctr. Num. 6, p. 283.—
    * II.
    ses-tertĭum, ii, n., in econom. lang., as a measure of dimension, two and a half feet deep:

    ipsum agrum sat erit bipalio vertere: quod vocant rustici sestertium,

    Col. Arb. 1, 5 (for which:

    siccus ager bipalio subigi debet, quae est altitudo pastinationis, cum in duos pedes et semissem convertitur humus,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 3).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sestertius

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